Love Leads To Death Essays - Midwifery, Sexual Health,

Love Leads To Death Love = Death What happens when two people fall in love? We may think of love as a sweet heart throbbing fairy tail situation, but in reality, unexpected dreadful circumstances often occur. As a couple falls helplessly in love, they become sexually active. Because of this intimate, uncontrollable love, a couple, with extremely high endodorphine levels may make a poor choice about contraceptives. This poor choice may result in a STD or even the life-concluding virus, HIV/AIDS. In this situation the couple develops mixed emotions which may cause a painful breakup leading to depression, which is the number one cause of suicide. Being in love is a sense of excitement, of heightened emotion, heightened senses, of being in the unknown, of abduction, of not being in control of yourself?its like an excuse, 'I don't now what I'm doing. I'm in love'(Gochros and Ricketts 27). Every day, people all over the world experience this intense description of love. Dr. JM Morris explains this in profound detail. The first step to falling in love is imprinting. Imprinting is finding a specific physical trait that attracts you to a certain person. Then there is a subliminal attraction, which is a personal quality, such as a person's laugh. Next is the hypotaemic stage. When experiencing this stage, a person becomes nervous and develops sweaty 2 palms when their object of affection is close to them. Then chemical anvetamines in the brain such as dopamine, norepine, and phenye ethyeamine react, causing a natural drug rush. Now that the couple has fallen in love, certain addictions and attachments occur. Dr. Morris continues, The brain chemical, oxytocin, otherwise known as the 'cuddle chemical' promotes a realxed satisfying attraction and strong bonds due to endodorphine levels urging the couple to make love. Through this addiction, the couples brains actually begin to grow together. So now the endodrophine level is at its peak and it is the perfect time and place for the couple to have sex, but there is only one problem, they have no form of contraceptives. The couple, so in love and naturally drugged on endodorphine, cannot resist their feelings and proceed by engaging in unprotected sex. The use of contraceptives have become vital when considering that unprotected intercourse is likely to result in pregnancy and more importantly, it carries a high risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted disease (Contraception: choosing). There are presently many forms of contraceptives available to fit persons cost, comfort and preference. When making this crucial choice, it is important to consider all your options. There are types of contraceptives, which are excellent for preventing pregnancy, but have absolutely no effectiveness against STD's. The Combined pill, mini-pill, Depo-Provera, Norplant, IUD, and morning after pill are all in this category (Roland 6). Contraceptives, which prevent pregnancy and STD's, include the male and female condom, spermicides and diaphragms. The male condom is the most common use of contraception for 3 males. It is a protective covering made of latex and polyurethane that fits over the penis. The condom keeps the semen from entering to vagina (Kronenfeld, Whicker 43). The female condom which is not commonly used, not only has a high cost, but is bulky and difficult for the female to insert. It is a polyurethane sheath that lines the entire vagina and partially covers the external genitals (Birth Control 2). Spermicides are another over the counter contraceptive. These products are a type of spermicidle jelly or foam in the form of a capsule, which are inserted into the vagina before intercourse. There are no serious side effects but it may be messy. The woman can also use a diaphragm or cervical cap, which is a flexible rubber barrier used with spermicidal cream or jelly. It is inserted before intercourse to block and kill sperm moving toward the uterus (Emergency Contraceptives 2). All of these contraceptives are effective in stopping pregnancy and STD's but the only thing that ca n completely prevent sexual mistakes is abstinence. If a couple decides not to use any of these methods of contraception they are at a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases and even HIV/AIDS. Present day, more than fifty organisms and syndromes are now recognized as sexually transmitted. These

Insomnia Literature Review Essays

Insomnia Literature Review Essays Insomnia Literature Review Essay Insomnia Literature Review Essay Currently scientists and researchers are studying insomnia and discovering more and more about the disorder with each experiment these experts are performing. Researchers at Clemson University executed an experiment on how Insomnia and sleeping problems similar to those of insomnia affect social functioning. Approximately four hundred students were gathered together to help with testing and results have not come back yet. (Medication, Into. , 2012) Another study showed that listening to music could help prevent insomnia. This research used fourteen females and six males. The scientists picked ten people to use the new HIRED system and other normal aids and the other ten people were to be put in the wait-list control group. (Medication, Into. , 2012) Hundreds of other projects, research, experiments, and studies are going on to find out more about insomnia and how it can be cured or prevented. The articles used for the current events on insomnia agree and disagree on several things. One way in which every single one of the articles agree is by saying that when people get more sleep, those people will get rewarded somehow in the long run. A few of the articles that were used in studying this disorder agreed that sleeping more at night could help those people lose weight. One article that was used said that sleeping pills and tranquilizer could increase a persons risk of death, #4, 2010) while another article used in this research said that prescription pills could be used to prevent insomnia. (Medication, Into. , 2012) With the research that is currently being put towards this disorder, researchers should start to agree more on insomnia and ways to prevent or cure it. An article that was used made the statement that pills prescribed or bought ETC to cure or prevent insomnia can actually increase a persons risk of death. (#4, 2010) Heath Ledgers death in 2008 caused a lot of confusion and curiosity as what sleeping pills are really doing for people. When an autopsy returned after Ledgers death, the results showed that he had Axon, Valid, Restorer, and several other drugs to aid his prescription medicine and multiple amounts of those medicines could be fatal. Another article said that Americans suffer from insomnia more, compared to other countries. #8, 2012) With this being said, Americans should start to wonder why that is true and how it can be changed. Problems that were in some of the current event articles for this disorder were weight gain and weight loss and how insomnia can cause these things. By getting a lately amount of sleep, weight loss could be a result. (Medication, Into. , 2012) Doctors have recently been saying that the solution to weight loss is not as simple as eating healthy, working out and sleeping more, but that sleeping behaviors should not be disregarded when trying to lose weight. Another source says that when people suffering from obesity lose weight, better sleep will also be an outcome. Another problem that was in an article used for this research was Heath Ledgers death. His death was a huge eye opener and extremely tragic for most of society. Ledgers death roved to us that consulting a physician about medications is necessary and mixing certain pills can be a matter of life or death. (#4, 2010) The information used to complete this research seemed to be correct except for one questionable article. The only misleading article was one that said taking sleeping pills could increase your risk of death. (#4, 2010) Along with that, the article continued on to say that someone who doesnt smoke, drink, and is physically fit would have their mortality rate increase by thirty six percent. What the researchers said was not wrong, but it was misleading due to the fact that the scientists said aging sleeping pills could cause a persons life to end earlier than necessary. If this article had been typed out more carefully and clearly, confusion wouldve most likely been avoided. Insomnia rates are increasing extremely fast in America and it is affecting Americans in a negative way. Productivity, weight gain or obesity, social abilities, depression and even death are some of the possible side effects of this disorder. Hopefully with all the research being put into this disorder, scientists can learn of more ways to decrease Americas insomnia rates and discover how to prevent insomnia. Thanks to researchers work, people now know that getting more sleep cause benefit them in many ways. Benefits that were discovered through the research for this assignment include, improved alertness, reduction in pain, weight loss and/or decreased body fat, aid for ones depression, stable appetite, improved memory and productiveness, prevention of breast cancer, and also longer life expectancy. If people sleep, on average, at least seven hours per night and no more than nine hours each night, they can gain these benefits as well. When and if this ever happens for America, the results could be astounding.

Rules of writing a research paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rules of writing a research paper - Essay Example The first source is a journal of authors Paris and Terhaar (2010). The source is basically a Peer reviewed article which provides the assurance the source is a credible one. The Journal in which the article was published was a nursing journal that was published in 2010. The paper was in fact a study that was carried out by Dr. Lisa Groff Paris and Mary Terhaar. Both the authors are certified nurses and have been working in the field of nursing for the past 20 and 30 years respectively (Paris & Terhaar, 2010). The authors of this paper observe the effect of Maslow’s Pyramid on nurses of different hospital. The article added to the literature there is on the retention of nurses in a particular hospital. Article 2 The second article to be reviewed was a peer reviewed article provided by Tenke et al. (2008). The source is again from a peer reviewed article therefore it can be considered as an authentic source. The article was published in a medical journal and not in a nursing jou rnal. The authors of the article were not nurses and had little to do with the field of nursing. However all the authors have written a number of peer reviewed medical articles. The Journal article made little contributions to the field of nursing as the article was more related to the field of medical and was more related to preventing catheter related infections. Article 3 The third article was peer reviewed article written by Willson et al. (2009). The article was published in a nursing journal in the year 2009. The paper used a quantitative study as an approach to assess the hypotheses that was suggested by the author in start of the paper. The authors of the paper were nurses who had an ample... This paper would review three sources that were used in the paper previously submitted. The first source is a journal of authors Paris and Terhaar (2010). The source is basically a Peer reviewed article which provides the assurance the source is a credible one. The Journal in which the article was published was a nursing journal that was published in 2010. The paper was in fact a study that was carried out by Dr. Lisa Groff Paris and Mary Terhaar. Both the authors are certified nurses and have been working in the field of nursing for the past 20 and 30 years respectively (Paris & Terhaar, 2010). The authors of this paper observe the effect of Maslow’s Pyramid on nurses of different hospital. The article added to the literature there is on the retention of nurses in a particular hospital.Article 2The second article to be reviewed was a peer reviewed article provided by Tenke et al. (2008). The source is again from a peer reviewed article therefore it can be considered as an aut hentic source. The article was published in a medical journal and not in a nursing journal. The authors of the article were not nurses and had little to do with the field of nursing. However all the authors have written a number of peer reviewed medical articles. The Journal article made little contributions to the field of nursing as the article was more related to the field of medical and was more related to preventing catheter related infections. The articles that were reviewed in this paper as a whole can be considered as credible sources.

Education Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Education Law - Case Study Example The essential method of compliance with Guckenberger III is to balance the interests of the university with the interests of the handicapped student. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") strictly prohibits universities from discriminating against qualified students with disabilities. In relevant part for this analysis, Section 504 mandates that "no otherwise qualified individual with a disability . . . shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefit of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." 29 U.S.C. 794(a). Titles II and III of the ADA make similar provisions for public services and public accommodations which public universities are required to follow. 42 U.S.C. 12132 and 12182(a). The ADA defines discrimination to include "a failure to make reasonable modifications in policies, practices or procedures, wh en such modifications are necessary to afford . . . services . . . to individuals with disabilities unless the entity can demonstrate that making such modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of the . . . services." 42 U.S.C. 12182(b)(2)(A)(ii). Universities are obligated to provide reasonable accommodations. In deciding to maintain the integrity of university curriculum and apply it evenly throughout, a balancing test is required. Clearly starting point for examining whether a course substitution or alteration is a reasonable academic adjustment starts with the Supreme Court's pronounced interpretation that "Section 504 imposes no requirement upon an educational institution to lower or to effect substantial modifications of standards to accommodate a handicapped person." Southeastern Community College v. Davis, 442 U.S. 397, 413 (1979). The Southeastern court found that there is a line between alteration and accommodation. It found that being excused from taking the clini cal part of the nursing program was an unacceptable accommodation and that Southeastern did not have to make that accommodation to a hearing impaired individual. It is against this backdrop that all colleges and universities should base their own academic policies in regards to accommodation but the decision should be made by an knowledgeable committee. 2. After reviewing the court's opinion in Guckenberger II, how would you advise the head of the office of disability services with respect to balancing the institution's concern for upholding academic standards with the requirements of the ADA and Section 504 The head of of the office of disability services would be advised by legal counsel that the university is required to make modifications only to "known" and validated disabilities. Thus, the university should require that it be put on reasonable notice of the request for modification (34 CFR 104.44) (Attorney, 2009). The request for modification should be submitted in writing to the Office of Disability Support Services. From there the university should make efforts to accommodate reasonable modifications in policies, practices, or procedures when the modifications are necessary. Modifications are deemed necessary when and if they "ensure that no

National Correct Coding Initiative Edit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

National Correct Coding Initiative Edit - Essay Example The NCCI Coding Policy Manual for the Medicare Services is usually updated annually by the CMS. This Coding Policy Manual should therefore be used as a general reference tool, which explains the rationale for the NCCI edits, by the FIs and the carriers (â€Å"National Correct Coding Initiative Edits†, n.d.). There are two types of NCCI Edits, which include procedure-to-procedure (PTP), and Medically Unlikely Edits (MUE). The PTP edits defines HCPCS/CPT codes which should not be reported together for various reasons, while MUE defines the maximum units of service which a provider would report on the circumstances of the same beneficiary on a single service date for each HCPCS/CPT code The NCCI edits is aimed at preventing inappropriate or improper payments after reporting of incorrect code combination. It contains two tables of edits, one for the outpatient hospital services and another for the physicians/practitioners. The Correct Coding Edits table for Column 1 – Column 2 has been combined into one table with the Mutually Exclusive Edits table and they include the code pairs, which should not be reported together for several reasons, which are explained in the Coding Policy Manual (â€Å"National Correct Coding Initiative Edits†, n.d.). A Correspondence Language Manual has also been made available. It was written and is maintained for the Medical Contractors utilization in answering routine correspondence enquiries on the MUE edits and NCCI procedure-to-procedure. The rationale for the edits are explained in the paragraphs for the general correspondence language (â€Å"The National Correct Coding Initiative in Medicaid | Medicaid.gov.†, n.d .). These guidelines consist of HCPCS or CPT procedure code-pairs, which must not be reported together. It also consists of MUEs, which determine if the procedure codes are submitted in,

What Is The Modularization Information Technology Essay

What Is The Modularization Information Technology Essay Modularization is currently in focus as a meaning for increasing competitiveness of industrial companies. This is achieved by bridging the advantages of standardization and rationalization with customization and flexibility. There are three definitions of the terms which needs to be clarified: module, modularity, and modularization. The definition of the term module has changed over time from being defined by the physical presence into being defined by structure and functionality. Modularity is a combination of systems attributes and functionality of the module itself. There are seven mayor modularity concepts: component sharing modularity, component swapping modularity, bus modularity, sectional modularity, fabricate to fit modularity, mix modularity and stack modularity. Modularization has evolved in an industrial context. There are three basic drivers behind the desire for modularity: modularization in product, modularization in production and modularization in inter-firm system. Modularization in design represents creation of variety, modularization in production represents the utilization of similarities and modularization in inter-firm system represents a reduction of complexities (Andrea Prencipe, 2003) Modularization does not mean that there is less assembly work required for manufacturing a truck. It simply means that there is reorganization in regard to who is doing what in the value and supply chain, with more sub-assembly work done by the suppliers. There is trend from complete assembly done by OEM to important sub-assemblies to be outsourced. This might not be irreversible, as assembly firms try to find the most beneficial approach for them that will be accepted by suppliers. A big part of the added value comes from the assembly operations. (Zima, 2005) Modularization types There are three types of concepts in modularization. These concepts are: Modularization in products (architecture) Modularization in production Modularization in inter-firm system Modularization in products Modularization in Products focuses upon product architecture and the required interrelationship between product function and structure. Achieving this one to one correspondence between the products subsystems and their functions allows modules to be designed with a high degree of autonomy and reduces the interdependence with other modules in essence, this refers to introducing and achieving modularity in product design. Others concur with the issue of interdependence, as they describe modularity in design as something which intentionally creates a high degree of independence or loose coupling between component designs. Figure 1.1 . (Robert Trimble, 2008) The left diagram is a schematic representation of the so-called integral product. Since the elements making up the product function (the left triangle) are interrelated with those making up the product structure (the right triangle) in a complex manner, the designer of Subsystem [S1] has to take the following factors into account: functional interdependence with the other subsystems (such as s1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ f1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ s2, and s1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ f2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ s2) structural interdependence with the other subsystems (physical interference, for example, s1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ s2) Interdependence with the design of the entire system (consistency with the design of the whole system, s1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ S1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã‚ S) 4) interdependence between the sub-functions (such as f1_f2, and F1_F2). Figure 1 1. Modularization in product decreases such interdependence between the concerned elements. It allows one-to-one correspondence between the subsystems and their functions, and enables, for example, the designer of Subsystem [S1] to focus solely on Sub-function [F1] and [S] (the structure of the product as a whole). The subsystem becomes a module with a self-contained function, which can be designed more autonomously. Remaining interdependence after modularization can further be reduced if the interfaces between the elements are simplified and standardized as much as possible. (Takeishi, 2001) Modularization in production Modularization in production describes the manufacturing system structure where, as a result of a modular product design, the product is produced from a series of modules each assembled on a sub-line before transfer to the product assembly line. A non-modular manufacturing system would be as a result of the product structure not containing any structurally cohesive large modules. (Robert Trimble, 2008). Modularization can be illustrated with a similar diagram shown in figure It is comprised of the Product Structure Hierarchy (right triangle) and the Product Process Hierarchy (left). In order to simplify the explanation, among the whole manufacturing processes, the focus here only on assembly work in the Product Process Hierarchy. The former hierarchy is built up in pursuit of functional independence of each subsystem (i.e., the degree to which a function of the product is achieved by a single subsystem), while the latter is made up for structural cohesiveness (i.e., the degree to which a collection of parts can be physically handled as one unit). The latter hierarchy is intended to contribute to structurally cohesive modules which are easy to manage material handling and quality control. Figure 1 1. The left diagram represents non-modular production processes. Without any structurally cohesive large modules, the product is to be assembled from eight small modules (s1 to s8) at the same hierarchical level on one long main assembly line. On the contrary, in the right diagram, there are two structurally-cohesive modules S1 and S2 on the right, and two subassembly lines to build them and one short main line for finished products on the left (remember the famous watchmaker story in Simon 1969). It can be said that the Product Structure Hierarchy with cohesive modules is translated into the Product Process Hierarchy with one main line and two subassembly lines. (Takeishi, 2001) Modularization in inter-firm system (outsourcing subsystems in larger units to outside suppliers) Modularization in Inter-firm Systems- describes the situation where large modules are assembled by suppliers on their own assembly lines and are delivered and assembled into finished products on the main line of the automaker This facet of modularity is essentially the outsourcing of the assembly of the module to the supply base. (Robert Trimble, 2008) Modularization in inter-firm system, which has drawn increasing attention in the European auto industry, entails outsourcing subsystems in large units (cohesive modules) to suppliers. The left diagram is a schematic representation of production with a higher in-house ratio, in which small modules (s1 s8) are delivered by outside suppliers. On the contrary, the right represents production based on a highly modular supplier system, in which large modules are assembled by outside suppliers on their subassembly lines, and are delivered and assembled into finished products on the main line of the manufacturer. Figure 1 1. Overall, the three facets of modularization and their interrelations can be illustrated within the same framework of multiple hierarchies as shown in the three pairs of diagrams. Product engineers, process engineers, and purchasing managers must make decisions about the product and process hierarchies and the inter-firm boundaries, while securing close coordination between them. It is obvious that these three facets of modularization must not be mixed up. At the same time, it is also clear that these decisions are interrelated with each other. They are the processes of making decisions about interrelated hierarchies of product functions, product structure, and production processes. There is always a possibility of some inconsistency or conflict between the decisions. In a sense, the most critical challenge in modularization is how to avoid or overcome such inconsistency and conflict through coordination. (Takeishi, 2001) Modularity types There are different types of modularity used in industry. An overview of the most common types can be found in Figure 1.1 (Erikstad, 2009). Figure 1.1 A more detailed division into different modularity types Component-sharing modularity there are single modules used in different products. The same module can be used in a completely different product family. Component-swapping modularity occurs when there are more alternative basic components can be paired with the same modular components creating different product variants belong to the same product family. Bus modularity is used when a module with two or more interfaces can be matched with any number of the components selected from a list of basic components. The interfaces accept any combination of the basic components. Bus modularity allows variations in the amount and the locations of the basic components in a product. Component-swapping and component-sharing modularity allows only variation in the types of basic components. Sectional modularity is used when there is any number and combination possible by the configuration. Each module can have one, two or more interfaces. There are only a few limitations. Fabricate to Fit Modularity One or more standard components are used with one or more infinitely variable additional components. Variation is usually associated with physical dimensions that can be modified. An example for this kind of modularity is a cable assembly. The connectors of the cable are standard and the length of the cable is variable. Stack modularity is the method where a collection of modules can be connected to create a unit with a value in some dimension that is the sum of the individual modules. The modules must be of the same type but it can be either a combination of identical modules or a combination of different sizes of a module. Mix modularity combines different components into something new, for example paint or concrete. What are the pros and cons of modularization? Advantages Reduce time and labor hours required for assembly process Introducing modularization makes the assembly faster and less complicated, by installing complete preassembled modules the production is more efficient with the result of reducing time and labor. Reduction of Labor Cost Because the supplier orders and assembles the parts into a module this time is saved at the one production. Also ordering a module is less labor-intensive compared to construction standards ordering. Completion of Just-In-Time System One Effects of modularization is for example the decreasing numbers of parts with the effect that JIT is more manageable Cost Reduction Effect By increasing the amount of module suppliers the risk of stationary production decreases. If one supplier is not able to deliver on time he gets displaced by the next one . Easy upgrading : Once modularization is implemented, one module can be upgraded easy. This way the system can be always up to date . Changing a module has no effects to the entire design. Dividing a product into  components and interfaces allows changes without affecting the entire  design. Modularization Breaks down problems into smaller and simpler parts By definition of modularity, the concept enables designers to break the problem into smaller and simpler parts Sharing Modules Designee teams can share or use again components from other designs, development time can  be decreased. More effective designing    Another benefit of modularity is that it enables engineers to focus more directly on their own module, often leading to a more effective design solution.   Disadvantages Designing modules is more difficult Designing for modularity is  more difficult and takes more effort  than designing a  construction standard system.  Determining how to separate a system into modules and how these modules will interconnect is the root of the problem. Tunnel Vision Once the design  is complete, product  development is simplified by modularity The  possibility exists that designers will not think to  look at an other methods or solutions.  Such tunnel vision may minimize the overall quality of  the design. Performance Almost always performance can be improved over a modular design, because the elimination of interfaces reduces weight and size.  moreover, it is sometimes difficult to  integrate modules, designed by different teams, and to  make them work  together optimally. Communication communication between teams is the potential for redundancy Maintenance Often when one part of a module needs to be replaced the only way is to replace the hole module. It is also command that it is not possible to order just one particular part only the hole module. The benefits of modular supply for the assembler are cost reduction, increase of the low-scale assembly efficiency, and minimization of investment requirements in new plants (Humphrey and Salerno, 2001), as outsourcing allows the automotive manufacturer to allocate part of the investment to the suppliers who will be located near the assembly plant (Lung, 2001, Lewis and Wight, 2000). From their side, the suppliers can decrease the financial involvement in the new production location of the client by associating themselves with local partners. In this case they have to ensure that the international standards of competitiveness (productivity, quality, logistics etc) will be reached (Lung, 2001). VOLVO.pdf Sectors which apply modularization Figure 1 1. Around 1990s up till now the industries have developed from designing and developing one-of-a-kind products units, towards more standardized and modular products. With these standardized methods a large number different product can be product to satisfy the customers (Erikstad, 2009). Throughout the industries, many companies in differed sectors have adopted some kind of modularisation in their organisation. Each sector or company that adopted modularization is unique in their solutions how to implement this strategy. The sectors on the frontiers of modularisation are the automotive, Mechanical engineering, Special machinery/Plant engineering, these sectors modularisation is widely used. There are many more sectors where modularisation is practise (Berger, 2012). In the diverse industries there are numerous examples how modularisation is implement to the benefits of companies. The in automotive basic platforms are used in many different models or brands. This is the same in electronics were components are extensive reuse both across different brands and across different product types. Software companies split up their complex software systems to able to work parallel and reduce the complexity of the program (Jacobsen, 2003). For building ocean going cargo ship it is almost impossible to build a ship without modularisation because of the size and complexity (Gockowski, 2005)The benefits reported are reduced cost, shorter development cycles and the ability to maintain a broad product range while standardizing and reducing the number of different components and configuration elements. (Erikstad, 2009) Companies which apply modularization successfully In this chapter the most successful companies which apply modularization will be described. The companies are divided in different kinds of sectors ( see Figure 1 1.)(Berger, 2012): Automotive Mechanical engineering Special machinery/ plant engineering Electronics Medical engineering Railways Heating / climate Automation Power tools Other Automotive Scania Scania is a very well known company which use the modularization strategy since 1930s. Scanias unique modular product range is one of its most important success factors. Since each product of Scania is made entirely on the basis of the customers business and the real-world situation, it ensures the best possible performance and quality. Meanwhile, the modular product system lowers Scanias costs, since by using a limited number of components the company can give each customer an optimised product. This business model is one important reason why Scania has been profitable every year for six decades and often describes its relationship with customers as a win-win situation. (Fagrenius, 2012 ) Car manufacturing A lot of car manufacturers produce by a modularisation strategy. With this modularization different parts are produced and can be fit together on different types of cars. Some examples of car brands which change the same parts on different types are Volkswagen, Seat and Audi. (MILTENBURG, 2003) Mechanical engineering Shipbuilding Marintek The Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute (MARINTEK) performs research and development for companies in the field of marine technology. This companies develops ships on a modularization strategy. The whole ship is divided in modules which are separately fabricated. (Erikstad, 2009) Damen Damen shipyards is the biggest company in the Netherlands which designs and manufacture on base of modularisation. (Damen, 2013) Ship equipment The equipment on a ship and in the engine room is designed and manufactures in modules. These modules are manufactured and assembled in the workshop, and are fit together on a ship ( as a block). This is a successful way to produce because of many technological, services and economical aspects. Some companies which are manufacturing on this way are Marine service Noord and Impas, and Alfa laval. (Noord, 2013) (Laval, 2013) Product manufacturing There are a lot of production companies which use the modularization strategy. They have their focus on reducing delivery time and production costs. Some well known production companies in the Netherlands are Phillips, VDL, Burgers trailers, Hytrans fire systems and Vanderlande. (TNO, 2008) Special machinery/ plant engineering Siemens Power plant Based on our extensive experience in building power plants, Siemens has developed innovative combined cycle reference power plants, known as Siemens Combined Cycle (SCCà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢) turnkey plants. Suited for applications from 100 MW to over 850 MW per unit, these plants help you to meet the challenges of a dynamic market and are designed to optimize planning, implementation times and lower life-cycle costs. (AG, 2008) Nuclear power plants For currently operating U.S. nuclear plants, the average construction period was 9,3 years; the longest was 23,5 years. In Japan, close attention to modularization and construction sequencing has reduced construction times for the ABWR reactor design. (Lee Presley, 2009) Fluor Fluor has pioneered the economic advantages and commercialization of modular construction. Fluors proven performance showcases large-scale modular construction across a variety of Client industries. From brutal arctic winters working the Trans-Alaskan Pipeline, or offshore oil and gas platforms in Trinidad Tobago, or state-of-the-art biotechnology facilities, to the new San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Fluor has successfully utilized modular construction to address Client challenges. (Fluor, 2013) Hitachi Hitachi has been developing and perfecting modularization technology to facilitate domestic nuclear power plant construction since the early 1980s, and it has made great strides in rationalization. Modularization is the ideal plant construction technique for reduced costs, higher quality, improved safety and shorter construction times. We believe that modularization technology is one of the best solutions for the current plant construction environment. (Maru, 2002) Oil and gas industry Linde BOC Process Plants LLC Modularized construction has many positive aspects to consider. The modules contain the equipment, piping, heat tracing, electrical instrumentation systems, specialized coatings, fire protection, ladders, and platforms. Modules can be horizontal, vertical, single level, or multi-level depending on the plot space, equipment, and required piping configuration. The optimum split of modular field construction efforts is determined for each individual project based upon such factors as local labour costs, transportation limitations and schedule. (Laar, 2008) Electronics and automation Philips Philips is one of the largest television manufacturers in the world. Fierce competition in the television market is leading to smaller profit margins, price erosion, shorter time to market, and a battle for shelf space. To remain competitive, we must minimize the bill of material and the cost of system development. Minimizing the bill of material puts constraint on the resources of a television, such as memory, bandwidth, CPU cycles, and footprint. We minimize the cost of system development by modularization. Airbus The Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) concept, which replaces numerous separate processors and line replaceable units (LRU) with fewer, more centralized processing units, is promising significant weight reduction and maintenance savings in the new generation of commercial airliners (Ramsey, 2007). Medical engineering Phillips Already in the early days of CAN, Philips Medical Systems noticed the advantages of CAN and decided to use this network protocol as communication network for interconnecting various components such as collimators, generators, and patient tables in their X-ray systems. To achieve a modular and open approach, a group within Philips Medical Systems, managed by Tom Suters, developed the first higher layer protocol for CAN, the CAN Message Specification (CMS), which was presented to the public in 1992. Heating / climate The integrated modular cooling solutions combine multiple components designed to fit your specific requirements and specifications. This integrated solution not only reduces the total number of suppliers, but it also drives down your overall costs (laval, 2013) Power tools Black Decker The patented MATRIX modular tool system offers performance and value in a simple and practical way for power tool users to grow their toolbox at their own pace. With this system, users can access some of the industrys most popular types of tools which were traditionally limited to professionals while offering savings up to 42% versus purchasing bare tools separately. (Decker, 2013) Control of modularization Joery stuk btp btf etc Key elements Key elements modularization Internal key elements Product design etc External key elements Suppliers etc Boundary conditions

The Story of Richard Rodriguez Essays -- Immigration

Becoming an American requires adjustment to the English language and interacting with different people. In the essay â€Å"Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood,† Richard Rodriguez illustrates the distinctions between individual and social identity as a Mexican immigrant. He explains individual identity through the process of considering himself as an American citizen. Rodriguez also acknowledges the necessity of assimilating into the American culture and the consequences that follow. Rodriguez describes individual identity through the process of allowing himself to become a member of American society. As a child, Rodriguez did not consider himself an American, but he quickly realized he could not achieve individuality until he accepted himself as a citizen. Rodriguez states, â€Å"In public, by contrast, full individuality is achieved, paradoxically, by those who are able to consider themselves members of the crowd† (283). Rodriguez explains that to gain complete individual identity, a person must consider him or herself as part of the group or society. Because Rodriguez cannot consider himself as a citizen, he cannot appreciate the values and traits of other people within his community. Therefore, Rodriguez will not view other people’s perspectives to acquire more knowledge about the society around him or seek out who he is to become a unique individual. Another example of how Rodriguez illustrates individuality by becoming a member of the American society occurs when he is able to seek the tools needed to speak English. Rodriguez writes, â€Å"Only when I was able to think of myself as an American, no longer an Alien in gringo society, could I seek the rights and opportunities necessary for full public individuality† (284). When Rodriguez ... ...izes that it will not be easy to hear his â€Å"intimate family voices† (284). Rodriguez explains the consequences of assimilation through social identity. Rodriguez acknowledges individuality by regarding himself as an American citizen. He also acknowledges social identity by viewing how he and his parents go through a difficult time learning English to communicate within their neighborhood. In addition, Rodriguez notices social identity when he is finally confident to speak the English language. In the end, the struggles Rodriguez experiences while adjusting to the American society only make him a stronger and triumphant individual. Work Cited Rodriguez, Richard. â€Å"Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood.† The Arlington Reader Contexts and Connections. Ed. Lynn Z. Bloom And Louise Z. Smith. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford/ St. Martin’s, 2011. 275-84. Print.